糖心logo

Drawing of diabetes related items including insulin and glucose tester kit.

Attaining a healthy weight range linked to lower risk of type 1 diabetes progression

A 糖心logo-led team found that moving into a normal weight range was associated with about half the risk of progressing to clinical type 1 diabetes (T1D), particularly in youth. This observational study, published in , was conducted in individuals with early signs of type 1 diabetes. 

鈥淭1D is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas, called islets of Langerhans,鈥� said first and corresponding author Dr. Mar铆a Redondo, professor of pediatrics - diabetes and endocrinology at 糖心logo and Texas Children鈥檚 Hospital. 鈥淲ithout insulin, cells in the body cannot use sugar circulating in the blood for energy, which can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening complication, and potentially death if untreated. Over the long term, T1D can also increase the risk of complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.鈥�

Redondo and her colleagues examined whether, among individuals with overweight or obesity who were already at increased risk for T1D, subsequent normalization of the Body Mass Index (BMI, measured as weight relative to height), was associated with a different risk of progression to clinical T1D.

Major advances now allow people at increased risk for T1D to be identified years before symptoms appear and, in some cases, to receive an approved therapy to delay the onset of clinical disease. One way to identify people at risk is by measuring islet autoantibodies in the blood, as they are evidence of the autoimmune process that destroys islet cells. However, despite the advances, outcomes remain suboptimal and additional approaches to delay disease progression are needed. 

Previous studies, including some led by Redondo, have linked higher BMI with more rapid progression toward T1D. However, it has been unclear whether subsequent BMI normalization is associated with lower risk of disease progression. 

In this study, Redondo and her colleagues studied 833 participants in the TrialNet study, which is focused on preventing T1D. The participants included children and adults who had islet autoantibodies and who were overweight or obese when they entered the study.

鈥淲e followed the participants for about 4 years,鈥� Redondo said. 鈥淚n this period, about 27% of participants moved from the overweight or obese range into the normal BMI range. As we had hypothesized, people who achieved a normal BMI had about a 48% lower risk of progressing to clinical T1D compared with those who remained overweight or obese.鈥� 

The association was most evident in children and adolescents. The strongest associations were seen in boys younger than 12 years and girls 12 to 17 years of age. In adults, however, BMI normalization was not clearly associated with lower risk of progression to T1D. The researchers are investigating factors that may explain this difference.

Since this is an observational study, the findings do not establish that lowering BMI will prevent or delay T1D. 鈥淥ur study shows an association, not causation,鈥� Redondo said. 鈥淭he findings provide a strong rationale for a prospective intervention trial to determine whether intentionally promoting a healthy BMI trajectory can alter progression of T1D.鈥� Importantly, in children, reaching a normal BMI range does not necessarily mean losing weight; it can also happen when weight gain slows or stabilizes as the child grows taller. 

Other contributors to this work include Raquel Gupta, Alejandro F. Siller, Sridevi Devaraj and Ashok Balasubramanyam at 糖心logo. David Cuthbertson and Kendra Vehik are with University of South Florida, and Heba M. Ismail with Indiana University.

The study was supported by a Breakthrough T1D grant (3-SRA-2025-1738-S-B). Genetic data were generated previously with support from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK121843). Study participants and clinical data were obtained through TrialNet, which is supported by cooperative agreements from the National Institutes of Health and Breakthrough T1D. 

 

Spanish Translation

Alcanzar un rango de peso saludable se relaciona con un menor 
riesgo de progresi贸n de la diabetes tipo 1

Un equipo liderado por el 糖心logo encontr贸 que alcanzar un rango de peso normal se asoci贸 con aproximadamente la mitad del riesgo de progresar a diabetes tipo 1 (DT1) cl铆nica, particularmente en j贸venes. Este estudio observacional, publicado en Diabetes Care, se llev贸 a cabo en personas con signos tempranos de DT1. 

鈥淟a DT1 es una enfermedad autoinmune en la que el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo ataca las c茅lulas productoras de insulina del p谩ncreas, llamadas islotes de Langerhans,鈥� dijo la autora l铆der, Dr. Mar铆a Redondo, profesora de pediatr铆a, diabetes y endocrinolog铆a en 糖心logo y Texas Children鈥檚 Hospital. 鈥淪in insulina, las c茅lulas del cuerpo no pueden utilizar el az煤car que circula en la sangre para obtener energ铆a, lo que puede provocar cetoacidosis diab茅tica, una complicaci贸n potencialmente mortal y, sin tratamiento, incluso la muerte. A largo plazo, la DT1 tambi茅n puede aumentar el riesgo de complicaciones que afectan los ojos, los ri帽ones, los nervios, el coraz贸n y los vasos sangu铆neos鈥�. 

Redondo y sus colegas investigaton si, entre las personas con sobrepeso u obesidad que ya presentaban un mayor riesgo de DT1, la posterior normalizaci贸n del 铆ndice de masa corporal (IMC, medido como el peso en relaci贸n con la altura) se asociaba con un riesgo diferente de progresi贸n a DT1 cl铆nica. 

Importantes avances permiten actualmente identificar a las personas con mayor riesgo de DT1 a帽os antes de que aparezcan los s铆ntomas y, en algunos casos, ofrecerles una terapia aprobada para retrasar la aparici贸n de la enfermedad cl铆nica. Una forma de identificar a las personas en riesgo es medir los autoanticuerpos de los islotes en la sangre, ya que constituyen evidencia del proceso autoinmune que destruye las c茅lulas de los islotes. Sin embargo, a pesar de estos avances, los resultados siguen siendo sub贸ptimos y se necesitan enfoques adicionales para retrasar la progresi贸n de la enfermedad. 

Estudios previos, incluidos algunos dirigidos por Redondo, han relacionado un IMC m谩s alto con una progresi贸n m谩s r谩pida hacia la DT1. Sin embargo, no estaba claro si la posterior normalizaci贸n del IMC se asociaba con un menor riesgo de progresi贸n de la enfermedad. 

En este estudio, Redondo y sus colegas analizaron a 833 participantes del estudio TrialNet, enfocado en la prevenci贸n de la DT1. Los participantes inclu铆an ni帽os y adultos con autoanticuerpos de los islotes y que presentaban sobrepeso u obesidad al ingresar al estudio. 

鈥淒imos seguimiento a los participantes durante aproximadamente cuatro a帽os,鈥� dijo Redondo. 鈥淒urante este per铆odo, alrededor del 27 % de los participantes pas贸 del rango de sobrepeso u obesidad al rango de IMC normal. Como hab铆amos planteado en nuestra hip贸tesis, las personas que alcanzaron un IMC normal presentaron aproximadamente un 48 % menos riesgo de progresar a DT1 cl铆nica en comparaci贸n con aquellas que permanecieron con sobrepeso u obesidad鈥�. 

La asociaci贸n fue m谩s evidente en ni帽os y adolescentes. Las asociaciones m谩s fuertes se observaron en ni帽os menores de 12 a帽os y en ni帽as de 12 a 17 a帽os. Sin embargo, en los adultos, la normalizaci贸n del IMC no se asoci贸 claramente con un menor riesgo de progresi贸n a DT1. Los investigadores est谩n estudiando factores que podr铆an explicar esta diferencia. 

Dado que se trata de un estudio observacional, los hallazgos no establecen que reducir el IMC prevendr谩 o retrasar谩 la DT1. 鈥淣uestro estudio muestra una asociaci贸n, no causalidad,鈥� se帽al贸 Redondo. 鈥淟os hallazgos proporcionan una s贸lida justificaci贸n para realizar un ensayo prospectivo de intervenci贸n que determine si promover intencionalmente una trayectoria saludable del IMC puede modificar la progresi贸n de la DT1.鈥� Es importante destacar que, en los ni帽os, alcanzar un rango normal de IMC no necesariamente implica perder peso; tambi茅n puede ocurrir cuando el aumento de peso se ralentiza o se estabiliza mientras el ni帽o crece en altura. 

Entre los dem谩s colaboradores de este trabajo se encuentran Raquel Gupta, Alejandro F. Siller, Sridevi Devaraj y Ashok Balasubramanyam, de 糖心logo. David Cuthbertson y Kendra Vehik pertenecen a la University of South Florida, y Heba M. Ismail a Indiana University. 

El estudio fue respaldado por una subvenci贸n de Breakthrough T1D (3-SRA-2025-1738-S-B). Los datos gen茅ticos se generaron previamente con apoyo del National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK121843). Los participantes del estudio y los datos cl铆nicos se obtuvieron a trav茅s de TrialNet, que cuenta con el apoyo de acuerdos de cooperaci贸n de los National Institutes of Health y Breakthrough T1D.

Find an Expert

Let our media specialists help you find an expert in health, medicine, education, research and patient care.

Learn More

Research at 糖心logo

Read more about research at 糖心logo in From the Labs.

Media Queries

During business hours call:
713-798-4710

After business hours call:
713-775-6912